Sundtempest

Reporting, analysis, and opinions on the latest trends and developments in the music industry.

Archive for the ‘Industry trends’ Category

More Radio Industry Royalty Nonsense

The bill that would create a new performance royalty for recording artists in the United States looks like it has majority opposition in the House of Representatives. Unfortunately, this seems to be the result of the same fallacious arguments that anti-performance royalty apologists have been spouting for awhile.

“‘The members of Congress just simply aren’t buying the argument that radio stations ought to be taxed to make up for the struggling business model of the record labels,’ NAB spokesman Dennis Wharton told the Associated Press Tuesday.”

This is a classic fallacy of straw man. The recording right should not be created because the recording industry simply needs more money, but because it is the morally correct thing to do. As I’ve written previously, the radio industry generates plenty of revenue from their advertisers. This is a well-established model that has proven to be very successful. In order to generate this revenue, they require content to broadcast. That is simply a normal cost of doing business.

No one would think twice about this in any other industry; the reality is that the recording industry has been so demonized due to the actions of major labels that even the House has been unbelievably biased.

Would they mandate that J.J. Abrams pay ABC when LOST is aired? After all, ABC helps him get DVD sales for his show, right? This inane logic can be extended to any number of situations where any rational person would reject it instantly. The same critical thinking should be applied to the music business.

Here’s another tidbit from Wharton:

“‘If this issue were about ‘fairness to artists,’ ” he continued, ‘why would 50% of the proceeds from this new fee go directly to the record labels? Aren’t these the same record labels that have abused artists for decades?’”

This could be described as ad hominem, another logical fallacy. Rephrased, “major record labels are bad, therefore they’re wrong and shouldn’t be supported.” Bzzt. Bogus reasoning. This isn’t a criminal or civil proceeding where a judge and jury are trying to decide what party gets a monetary reward.

It doesn’t matter if some record labels have acted in bad judgment (not to mention the vast majority of music being released is not on major labels, so to imply that all labels should be punished for the actions of a few is a fallacy unto itself.)

This is the creation of legislation. In this country, we extend legal and Constitutional protection even to those who have not obeyed the law in the past. In fact, those are the instances where fairly and equally applying protections matters the most. Yes, some labels in the history of recording industry have engaged in scare tactics and underhanded legal maneuvers. They’ve certainly ripped off artists.

However, when we can determine the moral necessity of a given right, we must extend that right to everyone.

Should radio pay a performance royalty to artists? [accessAtlanta]

Tags: , ,

The Headache of International Licensing

Arbitrary barriers to accessing hardware media content are nothing new. DVD and video game aficionados are well-aware of region lockouts, which are software or hardware “safeguards” that prevent media outside the player’s region from being enjoyed by the consumer. In short, you can’t play North American PS2 games on a European PS2, and if you plan on importing foreign DVDs to play on your North American player, you’ll likely encounter problems.

Naturally, issues with artificial region compatibility have extended to the Internet. For example, the online radio service Pandora is available in the United States, but not Canada or most other countries on Earth. Likewise with Hulu and even a wide variety of YouTube videos. Of interest to this blog is the inability of some countries, even in Europe, to access the iTunes store.

Why does this happen? The answer is more complex than you might think. In virtually any music industry deal, geography is always a factor; more often than not, this favors the artist (content creator) as it enables them to work with an American entity to market and distribute their music in that territory, and, for example, a Japanese entity for business operations there. Of course, the consumer can sometimes be hurt from this simply because an artist in one country might not necessarily work with any entity in another country, leaving a gaping hole in distribution for that area.

Unfortunately, this isn’t the only issue. While most countries have signed on to international agreements and treaties with regards to intellectual property (such as the Berne Convention), copyright laws and royalty systems for each country can vary wildly. Apple and the contributing labels to the iTunes store might reach an agreement with the United Kingdom, but they must deal with an entirely separate set of entities and laws in, say, Spain.

A new mandate by the European Commission is set to cut through some of these barriers through sheer legal force:

“The two clauses that the EU has struck down are a membership requirement that prevents music authors from moving to another collection society, and territorial restrictions that prevent a collecting society from offering licenses to commercial users outside of their domestic territories. Under the current system, music stores must establish individual storefronts for each individual country due to licensing restrictions, a policy that recently brought Apple and the Big Four labels under fire from the EU due to country-specific song pricing and the lack of EU-wide offerings.”

A collection society, in case you’re unfamiliar, is a government-created or government-endorsed entity with the highly exclusive ability to collect and distribute money on behalf of composers and performers in a given country. In the United States, there are three collection societies, better known as performing rights organizations: ASCAP, BMI and SESAC.

Unfortunately, collection societies in Europe have made international licensing difficult, mainly because of their monopolistic position. Hopefully, the dissolution of two major artificial restrictions will help the situation and push the world a little closer to an internationally-available library of music.

iTunes still not available in some EU countries. Here’s why [Ars Technica]

Tags: , ,

Radio Advocates Claim Record Labels Are Ripping Them Off

Apparently, record labels, recording artists and performers have it all wrong. Not only should artists not be compensated when radio stations play their music, but it should in fact be the other way around! Labels are “ripping off” radio, according Tony Coloff, who claims he feels “feel like a waitress who gave the greatest service. But the customer doesn’t pay — a gross injustice. Then, even more incredibly, the customer demands payment from the waitress. An absolute outrage.”

Coloff goes on to say that it is actually radio stations that “create intellectual property.” Not, you know, songwriters and musicians. You see, radio is the only thing that “created value” in recordings, so they should own them.

It’s hard to even know where to begin with such a specious argument, but let’s start with the basics. First of all, Coloff seems to conveniently forget that radio stations get their revenue from advertisers. That is the entire business model of radio, and for that matter, television as well. Radio stations collectively make billions upon billions of dollars per year because, as Coloff himself pointed out, radio still has a massive audience and a 98% exposure rate.

Put simply, without its content, namely music, radio stations would have no audience and no advertising dollars. The waitress analogy makes no sense, because the “customer” of the radio station isn’t the record label. The label is, more accurately, the CHEF - the person who makes the food which brings people to the restaurant to begin with. And restaurants pay the people who prepare their food.

So, I guess by Coloff’s logic, magazine and newspaper columnists should be paying their employers. Television production companies should pay television stations to broadcast their programs. This makes absolutely no sense. It doesn’t even begin to make sense.

If your business model revolves around providing a free or extremely inexpensive product filled with content, and monetizing that content through advertising, then logically you would pay the people who are giving you the content that enables this business model to work at all. This is such a basic concept to understand that it’s almost unbelievable that an adult could twist it so much.

As for the belief that radio stations should own the intellectual property that they broadcast, again, that’s so far off the mark as to be almost offensive. Even if radio stations created value in recordings - which they don’t, they merely expose recordings which have intrinsic value - this has nothing to do with intellectual property. Should a book publicist be considered the co-author, or even the author of the book she promotes? Should grocery stores be entitled to the formulas and recipes of food products (a form of intellectual property) because they advertise them in circulars? This suggestion is beyond stupid.

Coloff and other radio advocates like him are only able to get away with posting such obviously nonsensical and illogical arguments because they are using a logical fallacy which is often effective: “Person A believes Idea X, and Person A is bad, so therefore Idea X is wrong.” One typically sees this in political discourse as a basic smear tactic, but it makes no sense. A murderer can state that rape is wrong, and he’d be correct. His status as a murderer has no bearing on his statement.

Likewise, the RIAA advocates a performance royalty in radio. They are correct. Just because they’re a generally sleazy organization with widely-unpopular legal tactics and a bad public image doesn’t mean that everything they support is wrong.

Don’t succumb to the vapid arguments of Coloff and others like him.

Why the Record Labels Are Wrong [Radio World]

Tags: , ,

MySpace Music Attracts Traffic, But Not Cash

Love it or hate it, MySpace has always been a haven for musicians and fans. Plus, while Facebook has eclipsed it in popularity, MySpace is still one of the most heavily-trafficked websites in the world. These facts are perhaps what led to the creation of MySpace Music, essentially just another digital distributor, eight months ago.

As it turns out, the major label partners in the MySpace Music venture are not so happy with its performance, evidently pretty poor in terms of revenue but pretty good in terms of traffic. At a recent board meeting, a cnet source described the discussions as “tense”, with MySpace Music CEO Courtney Holt ultimately admitting the service needs work.

Nate Lanxon of Crave accurately summed up the problems with the venture:

“That kids on MySpace aren’t spending money on downloads shouldn’t surprise anyone. The social network is not the vehicle for sales that record executives believe it should be — a huge user base doesn’t equal a huge customer base.”

His proposed solution to help improve revenue was straightforward enough:

“Fans don’t just want what everyone else can get — they want mountains of special stuff, and stuff they can’t get elsewhere. For MySpace Music to really shine, this is what it needs to be pushing, and it’ll need bands themselves to be advertising it — they’re the best mouths for promotions to be heard from.”

On a side note, this situation provides concrete proof to an argument I’ve put forth against people that suggest artists should give away lots of music to attract fans; just because you have a lot of fans doesn’t mean you’ll have a lot of sales. And yes, I know that you need fans to generate sales, but if you are getting fans (that are most likely not going to result in ‘conversions’) at the expense of sales then that’s just not good.

Labels dissatisfied with MySpace Music performance [cnet]

Tags: ,

Recording Industry Battles Radio Industry Over Performance Royalties

The laws regarding music being broadcast on the radio - any kind of radio - are pretty confusing and counter-intuitive. For example, if a Lady Gaga song is played on your local terrestrial pop radio station, the person who wrote that song gets paid (as well as their publisher), but Ms. Gaga gets nothing. On the other hand, if that same song is played on satellite radio or online, not only does Gaga get cash but so does her label and all the musicians who performed on the track.

The United States is one of only a handful of nations in the entire world that does not have a performance royalty for terrestrial radio airplay. Many musicians and record labels are trying to change this by lobbying Congress for the “Performance Rights Act” which would grant such a royalty. The advocacy group pushing this effort is known as musicFIRST.

Of course, radio stations, which have historically resisted every attempt at ‘taxation’ of their revenue, have been counter-lobbying with their own bill: the “Local Radio Freedom Act”. This would prevent Congress from imposing any new royalties on broadcasters, claiming that radio has been free promotion for the recording industry, who should be thankful for it.

What’s your opinion? Do recording artists and other performers deserve a royalty for getting played on the radio?

Royalty Ruling Looms for Radio Stations, Musicians [boston.com]

Tags: ,

Four-Year Study Reveals No Change in Big Radio Playlists

Even considering the rampant prevalence of music piracy and the devaluation of music in general, it’s a pretty good time to be an independent musician. It’s much easier to distribute and broadcast your music now than it ever has been before, but one channel remains dead-set in the old ways. No, not physical distribution, but traditional radio.

The non-profit Future of Music Coalition, a sort of music industry think-tank generally representing independent music, conducted a study examining the state of radio over a four year period from 2005 to 2008. Their conclusion was that the composition of terrestrial radio playlists - ie. the ratio of major to independent artists - remained essentially unchanged over that period.

Needless to say, the percentage of independent music being played has remained at a rather minimal 12-14%, compared to a major label percentage of 78-82%. The remainder of the music was split between Disney, “mixed legacy” and no label or “to be determined”.

While 12-14% doesn’t sound all that bad, consider that independent music accounts for at least 30% of all released music (a figure that is probably very conservative.) Additionally, a label can be classified as independent even if it has major label distribution. As a result, plays of Nickelback count as “independent”; ten independent labels, releasing 56% of new indie label songs, ended up getting the lion’s share or 96% of radio plays.

The study also went into some depth about radio formats, such as Adult Contemporary vs. Country vs. Contemporary Hits Radio/Pop (those didn’t change much either) as well as the reliance of major labels on hit songs. You can read the whole study by following the link at the bottom of this post.

Same Old Song: An Analysis of Radio Playlists in a Post-FCC Consent Decree World [Future of Music Coalition]

Tags: , ,

Vinyl Record Sales Exploded in 2008

It turns out that there is still a stalwart legion of music aficionados interested in listening to music the good ol’ fashioned analog way: on vinyl records. Sales of vinyls increased by a staggering 89% in 2008, outpacing digital download growth (32%) and of course bucking the declining trend of albums as a whole (14.4%.) This figure only includes reported sales, meaning it is surely lower than the actual number due to the fact that many vinyl sales occur at small, independent record shops.

Though this growth is significant, don’t get your hopes up for the future of physical media just yet; vinyl records only accounted for 0.44% of all record sales in 2008. Additionally, the cost of making pressing vinyl albums is high and is not likely to go down, as no new pressing machinery is being created or sold. That being said, turntables are still being produced, and demand for those has greatly increased as well.

The fact that people are willing to pay a high markup on LPs for less actual music is definitely an interesting trend. One would think that if the reason was audio fidelity alone that formats like Super Audio CD (SACD) would have caught on, but they haven’t. Nostalgia could also be a factor, but it’s easy to find teenagers and young adults buying vinyls. Perhaps it’s just the un-quantifiable “cool” factor of utilizing old analog technology and going against the mainstream of MP3s on iPod headphones.

Do you listen to or buy vinyl records?

In a digital age, vinyl albums are making a comeback [LA Times]

Tags: ,

How does iTunes Stack Up to 6 Other Digital Music Stores?

iTunes is currently the 600 pound gorilla of the music distribution world. Apple has managed to outsell not only every other digital outlet but all the physical ones as well. However, are they still the best deal around? Is the user experience of iTunes still tops?

Apparently not, according to Ed Bott of ZDNet, who did a side-by-side comparison between iTunes and six other digital music stores: Amazon MP3, Lala, Rhapsody, Zune Marketplace, eMusic and Amie Street. Here’s what he concluded:

“Apple’s monopoly is a tough one to crack, and the company makes it so easy to buy stuff through iTunes (at prices that are higher than most of their competitors) that it’s hard for a competitor to get a toehold. But after looking closely at the competition, I can’t imagine why anyone would buy from the iTunes Music Store when there are so many alternatives that are less expensive and more interesting.”

Bott found that every other service was cheaper than iTunes by anywhere from 4% to 57%. Both a la carte and subscription services were compared. Check out the full article at ZTNet for all the details.

6 music services compared: Who can bust the iTunes monopoly? [ZDNet]

Tags: , , , , , , ,

Legal Music Downloads in Sweden Double Thanks to Anti-Piracy Law

In years to come, the country of Sweden should make for a very interesting case study in copyright law and its efficacy. The country has recently taken several major steps to curb piracy and strengthen the rights of intellectual property holders within its borders, starting with their “controversial prosecution of The Pirate Bay. Then, at the beginning of this month, Sweden’s IPRED (Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement Directive) law went into effect, making it easier for authorities to track down alleged pirates.

One might have expected that these measures fail, given the fact that they have been met with considerable public opposition. However, at least for now, the facts tell a different story. Within a matter of days of the passage of IPRED, internet traffic within Sweden dropped 33%. A week later, media content provider InProdicon reported that their music download sales had increased by 100%. The majority (60%) of these sales were of Swedish artists.

On the flip side of the coin, the IPRED law has also created increased demand for VPN services, which anonymize the internet activity of users. The Pirate Bay itself is offering its own VPN service for a small monthly fee, which was rolled out shortly after IPRED came into effect.

Which side do you think will eventually gain the upper hand?

Sweden sees boom in legal downloading [The Local]

Tags: , ,

Enter Grooveshark

Today, I discovered a music website called Grooveshark. It’s sort of a juiced-up, mostly-legal P2P service for the Web 2.0 age. The idea is that you can upload music from your own collection to the Grooveshark servers, where you (or anyone else) can then listen to them from any computer or web-enabled device. As more and more users pool their music, the combined catalog grows grows.

There are now millions of songs available on Grooveshark, and by “available” I mean that you can simply go to www.grooveshark.com, type in a song, artist, or album, and listen to the track in full-quality all the way through. The site doesn’t support downloading (with good reason) but does support user-created, sharable playlists, and even has a sort of recommendation system to lead you to new music. It’s like a mashup of Last.fm and Pandora.

Is it legal? So far, it seems like it. The site’s documentation is a little on the blank side (including the expanded features list as well as the FAQ section) but based on the info I’ve been able to glean, it looks like the Grooveshark crew is putting a lot of effort into making their service as clean and legit as possible.

I gotta say, I’m surprised this site flew under my radar; I hadn’t heard of it until earlier today and I’ve already become very interested. Previously, if I friend told me to listen to a particular band or song, I would either go to YouTube or listen to previews on iTunes. Not particularly elegant solutions compared to Grooveshark.

Check out the site and see what you think. Is this going to change the way you listen to or share music?

Tags: , , ,